Correlational research
| ✰ The purpose of correlational studies is to explore whether there is any relationship or interdependence between two variables or characteristics, and to ascertain the degree of such relationships. |
| ✰ Correlation is a statistical technique that is used to measure and describe a relationship between two variables. Usually the two variables are simply observed, not manipulated. |
| ✰ The value of correlational research is to discover relationships among phenomena with a view to predict and in some situations, controlling their occurrence. |
| ✰ Much of social sciences research in general and educational research in particular, is concerned with establishing interrelationships among variables. |
Correlational have three characteristics of a relationship between two variables
1) The Direction of a Relationship
| ✰ The correlation measure tells us about the direction of the relationship between the two variables. The direction can be positive or negative. |
Positive:
| ✰ In a positive relationship both variables tend to move in the same direction: If one variable increases, the other tends to also increase. If one decreases, the other tends to also. Example: Is there any relationship between exercise and mental Health? It is an example of Positive relationship. As exercise increases, the other variable also tends to increase. |
Negative:
| ✰ In a negative relationship the variables tend to move in the opposite directions: If one variable increases, the other tends to decrease, and vice-versa. Example: Is there any relationship between watching TV and Student performance in School? It is an example of Negative relationship. As watching TV increases, the other variable also tends to decrease. |
2) The Form (Shape) of a Relationship:
| ✰ The form or shape of a relationship refers to whether the relationship is straight or curved. this relationship is basic two type Liner and non-liner |
Linear:
| ✰ A straight relationship is called linear, because it approximates a straight line. Example: Relationship between age increment and Life experience? It is a linear relationship. Life experiences increase as the age increase. It is a Straight relation. |
Non-linear:
| ✰ A curved relationship is called non-linear, because it approximates a curved line. Example: Relationship between age increment and Height increment? It is a non-linear relationship. Height increase as the age increase but after some age height is constant and that makes curve shape |
3) The Degree (Strength) of a Relationship:
| ✰ Strength of a Relationship a correlation coefficient measures the degree (strength) of the relationship between two variables. |
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