Classification of research
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Q1 Given below are two statements: Statement I: Exploratory studies mainly aim at developing hypotheses or questions for further research. Statement II: The goal of formal study is to test the hypotheses or answer the questions posed. In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below |
i ➥ Both Stetement I and Statement II are false |
ii ➥ Both Stetement I and Statement II are true |
iii ➥ Stetement I is false but Statement II are true |
iv ➥ Stetement I is true but Statement II are false |
Answer –II |
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Q2 Which among the follwing methods is commonly used in anthropological research? |
i ➥ Case study method |
ii ➥ Ethnographic method |
iii ➥ Life history method |
iv ➥ Survey method |
Answer –II |
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Q3 Which one of the following research procedures will figure under a post positivist approach? |
i ➥ Normative survey |
ii ➥ Experimental study |
iii ➥ Ethnographic study |
iv ➥ Ex post facto study |
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Q4 A college teacher plans a research programme in which he/she intends to improve the socio-emotional aspect of his/her classroom climate during teaching which one of the following research methods will be considered appropriate in this context? |
i ➥ Experimental method |
ii ➥ Descriptive method |
iii ➥ Historical method |
iv ➥ Action research method |
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Q5 The personalistic styles of writing a research report are permissible in which of the following research? A. Grounded theory research B. Experimental research C. Participant- observation based research D. Historical research E. Case study research Choose the correct answer from the options given below: |
i ➥ A, B and C only |
ii ➥ B, C and D only |
iii ➥ C, D and E only |
iv ➥ A, C and E only |
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Q6 A teacher proposes to find out the effect of praise and encouragement during a teaching learning session based on Skinner՚s theory of reinforcement. What type of research will it belong to? |
i ➥ Fundamental research |
ii ➥ Evaluative research |
iii ➥ Action research |
iv ➥ Applied research |
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Q7 Given below are two statements Statement I: All research adds to the corpus of knowledge by advancing a theory Statement II: The focus of action research is basically on the amelioration of prevalent practices In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below |
i ➥ Both Statement I and Statement II are true |
ii ➥ Both Statement I and Statement II are false |
iii ➥ Statement I is true but Statement II is false |
iv ➥ Statement I is false but Statement II is true |
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Q8 Which of the following research is intervention-based, cyclic in nature and improvement focused? |
i ➥ Case study research |
ii ➥ Survey research |
iii ➥ Experimental research |
iv ➥ Action research |
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Q9 Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R Assertion A: Empirico-inductive paradigm in research focuses on meaning-giving subjective perspectives to depict reality Reason R: The purpose of research in this paradigm is not to arrive at generalizations but to discover the reality as lived In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below |
i ➥ Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A |
ii ➥ Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A |
iii ➥ A is correct but R is not correct |
iv ➥ A is not correct but R is correct |
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Q10 Which of the following are features of the qualitative research paradigm? A. The research is concerned with understanding the social phenomena from the participant՚s perspective B. It seeks to establish relationships, among variables and explains the causes of changes in measured social facts C. It is conducted in actual settings as the direct source of data and the researcher is the key instrument D. It is concerned with the process rather than simply with outcomes or products E. It attempts to establish universal context-free generalization Choose the correct answer from the options given below: |
i ➥ A, B and C only |
ii ➥ B, C and D only |
iii ➥ A, C and D only |
iv ➥ C, D and E only |
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Q11 Identify the features of scientific method from the following list A. Clearly defined variables and procedures B. Empirically verifiable hypotheses C. Little or no scope for self-correction D. Linguistic justification of conclusions E. Ability to rule out rival hypotheses Choose the correct answer from the options given below: |
i ➥ A, B and E only |
ii ➥ B, C and D only |
iii ➥ C, D and E only |
iv ➥ B, D and E only |
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Q12 A university teacher proposes a research project on why parents are apathetic to the university programmes. Which of the following research methods will be most appropriate for the project? |
i ➥ Experimental method |
ii ➥ Historical method |
iii ➥ Participant-observation method |
iv ➥ Ex post facto method |
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Q13 Given below are two statements Statement I: Qualitative research is an umbrella term to refer to various research strategies that share certain characteristics Statement II: The research-data collected in qualitative research has been termed soft i.e.. , rich in description of people, places and conversation etc. In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below |
i ➥ Both Statement I and Statement II are true |
ii ➥ Both Statement I and Statement II are false |
iii ➥ Statement I is correct but Statement II is false |
iv ➥ Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is true |
Answer – I |
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Q14 For the following research problem, which of the listed research methods will be most appropriate? “School principals influence on trust: Perspectives of mothers children with disabilities” |
i ➥ Experimental method |
ii ➥ Focused group discussion (FGD) based method |
iii ➥ Descriptive survey method |
iv ➥ Ex post facto method |
Answer – II |
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Q15 Which of the following features of research are associated with qualitative inquiring? A. Actual settings as the direct source of data B. Data collection under controlled conditions C. Concern with process rather than simply with outcomes D. Establishing relationships and explaining the causes of changes E. Concerned with what are called participant perspectives Choose the correct answer from the options given below: |
i ➥ A, C and D only |
ii ➥ A, C and E only |
iii ➥ B, C and D only |
iv ➥ C, D and E only |
Answer – II |
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Q16 A university teacher plans to study the performance of students in implementing specific projects in terms of their creativity level ″ . Which method of research will be appropriate to use in this context? |
i ➥ Historical method |
ii ➥ Historical method |
iii ➥ Experimental method |
iv ➥ Ex post facto method |
Answer – IV |
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Q17 The research method which focuses on establishing causal relationships with controls among variables – independent, moderator and dependent, is called |
i ➥ Ex post facto method |
ii ➥ Survey method |
iii ➥ Case study method |
iv ➥ Experimental method |
Answer – IV |
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Q18 What are the characteristic features of the Quantitative Research paradigm? A. It is Hypothetico-deductive. B. It is focused on natural settings. C. It lays stress on generalizations to the population characteristics. D. It emphasizes numeric data from a large number of people. E. It says that the literature review plays a minor role but justify the problem. Choose the correct answer from the options given below: |
i ➥ A, C and D only |
ii ➥ A, B and C only |
iii ➥ B, C and D only |
iv ➥ C, D and E only |
Answer – I |
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Q19 Given below are two statements Statement I: Qualitative research paradigm emphasizes participant perspectives and uses an Empirico-inductive approach. Statement II: In the same research project, it is neither possible nor desirable to use both Qualitative and Quantitative research paradigms In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below. |
i ➥ Both Statement I and Statement II are correct |
ii ➥ Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect |
iii ➥ Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect |
iv ➥ Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct |
Answer – III |
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Q20 In which method of research the independent variable is manipulated to observe and measure its effect on dependent variable? |
i ➥ Ex-post facto method |
ii ➥ Experimental method |
iii ➥ Case study method |
iv ➥ Historical method |
Answer – II |
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Q21 Which of the following research forms, aims primarily at putting to use the theoretical advances with an eye on exploring the potential for generalizability? |
i ➥ Fundamental research |
ii ➥ Evaluative research |
iii ➥ Action research |
iv ➥ Applied research |
Answer – IV |
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Q22 Through which of the following methods of research cause and effect relationship is focused? |
i ➥ Historical method |
ii ➥ Experimental method |
iii ➥ Ex Post facto method |
iv ➥ Case study method |
Answer – II |
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Q23 List I mentions various methods of research while list II offers their description. Match list I with List II: ![]() Choose the correct answer from the options given below: |
i ➥ (A) – (I) , (B) – (II) , (C) -III, (D) – (IV) |
ii ➥ (A) – (IV) , (B) – (III) , (C) – (II) , (D) – (I) |
iii ➥ (A) – (II) , (B) – (I) , (C) – (IV) , (D) – (III) |
iv ➥ (A) – (Ill) , (B) – (IV) , (C) – (I) , (D) – (II) |
Answer – IV |
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Q24 Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) : Assertion (A) : Data must be authentic before it can be of any value in a historical research, yet proof of authenticity does not establish ′ its value, it must also be accurate. Reason (R) : External criticism is, therefore, referred to as lower criticism of the data. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below: |
i ➥ Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
ii ➥ Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A) |
iii ➥ (A) is correct but (R) is not correct |
iv ➥ (A) is not correct but (R) is correct |
Answer – I |
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Q25 Given below are two statements: Statement I: The goal of inquiry in fundamental research is directed at bringing an increment in the fund of knowledge. Statement II: Action research is a research by the practitioner, for the practitioner and of the practitioner. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer options given below: |
i ➥ Both Statement I and Statement II are true |
ii ➥ Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect |
iii ➥ Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect |
iv ➥ Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct |
Answer – I |
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Q26 Which argument may be advanced in support of action research in education? |
i ➥ The researcher breaks fresh ground in the field of enquiry. |
ii ➥ The knowledge is applied to extend further generalization. |
iii ➥ Some new principles are formulated for explaining |
iv ➥ The educational situation as well as the practitioner of education undergo a change for the better. |
Answer – IV |
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Q27 Given below are two statements: Statement I: Fundamental research is directed at exploring the applicability of truths and principles already established. Statement II: Action research aims at ameliorating the ongoing conditions and practices. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below: |
i ➥ Both Statement I and Statement II are correct |
ii ➥ Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect |
iii ➥ Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect |
iv ➥ Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct |
Answer – IV |
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Q28 Identify the features of qualitative research from the following: (A) Researcher becomes immersed in the situation present or past (B) Researcher is detached from the study to avoid bias (C) It develops context-bound generalizations (D) It is based on logical positivist philosophy (E) It uses an emergent research design Choose the correct answer from the options given below: |
i ➥ (A) , (B) and (C) only |
ii ➥ (B) , (C) and (D) only |
iii ➥ (A) , (C) and (E) only |
iv ➥ (C) , (D) and (E) only |
Answer – III |
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Q29 In which of the following methods of research, hypotheses are usually implied rather than being explicit? |
i ➥ Descriptive survey method |
ii ➥ Historical method |
iii ➥ Experimental method |
iv ➥ Ex-post facto method |
Answer – II |
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Q30 Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) : Assertion (A) : The purpose of research is also to revisit the situations in a bid to ensure needed amelioration and improvement. Reason (R) : Action research is a format of research which is basically directed at bettering the situations. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below: |
i ➥ Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
ii ➥ Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
iii ➥ (A) is true but (R) is false |
iv ➥ (A) is false but (R) is true |
Answer – II |
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Q31 In which of the following, there is a greater flexibility in both the methods and process of research? |
i ➥ Ethnography and phenomenology |
ii ➥ Descriptive survey and impact studies |
iii ➥ Experimental and observation based studies |
iv ➥ Expost facto and historical studies |
Answer – I |
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Q32 Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R): Assertion (A): In order to bridge the gap between theory and practice both fundamental and applied research formats have to be promoted. Reason (R): Fundamental research focuses on theory making and applied research is directed at exploring the applicability of theory in varied practical situations. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below: |
i ➥ Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
ii ➥ Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A) |
iii ➥ (A) is correct but (R) is not correct |
iv ➥ (A) is not correct but (R) is correct |
Answer – I |
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Q33 The purpose of this research is to gain background information, to define terms, to clarify the problems, to develop hypothesis, to establish research priorities and objective and to develop questions with answers. The above statement is related to which among the following types of research? |
i ➥ Experimental research |
ii ➥ Exploratory research |
iii ➥ Correlational research |
iv ➥ Descriptive research |
Answer – II |
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Q34 A university teacher plans to improve the study habits of students in his/her class. Which type of research paradigm will be helpful in this regard? |
i ➥ Evaluative research paradigm |
ii ➥ Fundamental research paradigm |
iii ➥ Applied research paradigm |
iv ➥ Action research paradigm |
Answer – IV |
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Q35 In which of the following research studies interpretation and meaning get more attention than formulation of generalisations? (A) Historical of studies (B) Survey studies (C) Philosophical studies (D) Ethnographic studies (E) hypothetico-deductive studies (F) Ex-post facto studies Choose your answer from the options given below |
i ➥ (A), (B) and (C) |
ii ➥ (D), (E) and (F) |
iii ➥ (B), (D) and (E) |
iv ➥ (A), (C) and (D) |
Answer – IV |
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Q36 Through which research method, the manipulation of an independent variable and its effect on the dependent variable is examined with reference to a hypothesis under controlled conditions? |
i ➥ Ex-post facto research |
ii ➥ Descriptive research |
iii ➥ Case study research |
iv ➥ Experimental research |
Answer – IV |
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Q37 Which of the sets of activities best indicate the cyclic nature of action research strategy? |
i ➥ Reflect, Observe, Plan, Act |
ii ➥ Observe, Act, Reflect, Plan |
iii ➥ Act, Plan, Observe, Reflect |
iv ➥ Plan, Act, Observe, Reflect |
Answer –IV |
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Q38 There are two sets given below. Set – I specifies the types of research, while Set – II indicates their characteristics. Match the two and give your answer by selecting the appropriate code. ![]() |
i ➥ (a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(iii), (d)-(i) |
ii ➥ (a)-(v), (b)-(iv), (c)-(iii), (d)-(ii) |
iii ➥ (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv) |
iv ➥ (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(v) |
Answer – I |
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Q39 In the two lists given below, List I provides the types of research methods, while List II indicates the critical features associated with them. Match the two lists and choose the correct answer from the code given below. ![]() |
i ➥ (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) |
ii ➥ (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) |
iii ➥ (i) (iii) (ii) (v) |
iv ➥ (iv) (v) (ii) (i) |
Answer – IV |
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Q40 Which of the following research types focuses on ameliorating the prevailing situations? |
i ➥ Applied Research |
ii ➥ Action Research |
iii ➥ Experimental Research |
iv ➥ Fundamental Research |
Answer – II |
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Q41 A researcher attempts to evaluate the effect of method of feeding on anxiety – proneness children. Which method of research would be appropriate for this? |
i ➥ Experimental method |
ii ➥ Ex-post-facto method |
iii ➥ Survey method |
iv ➥ Case study method |
Answer – II |
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Q42 In doing action research what is the usual sequence of steps? |
i ➥ Reflect, observe, plan, act |
ii ➥ Plan, act, observe, reflect |
iii ➥ Plan, reflect, observe, act |
iv ➥ Act, observe, plan, reflect |
Answer –II |
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Q43 Below are given two sets — research methods (Set-I) and data collection tools (Set-II). Match the two sets and indicate your answer by selecting the correct code: |
i ➥ ii i iii iv |
ii ➥ iii iv ii i |
iii ➥ ii iii i iv |
iv ➥ ii iv iii i |
Answer –II |
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Q44 The principal of a school conducts an interview session of teachers and students with a view to explore the possibility of their enhanced participation in school programmes. This endeavour may be related to which type of research? |
i ➥ Evaluation Research |
ii ➥ Fundamental Research |
iii ➥ Action Research |
iv ➥ Applied Research |
Answer –III |
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Q45 Which of the following is not the critical feature of qualitative research? |
i ➥ Actual settings are the direct source of data. |
ii ➥ Data take the forms of words or pictures. |
iii ➥ Seeking to establish relationships among measured social facts. |
iv ➥ Researcher becomes immersed in the situation, present or past related to the phenomena. |
Answer –III |
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Q46 There are two sets given below, Set-I consists of methods of research and Set-II indicates their procedural characteristics. Match the two sets and choose your answer from the codes given below: |
i ➥ i iii iv v vii |
ii ➥ iii iv v vi vii |
iii ➥ i ii iii iv v |
iv ➥ iii vi v ii i |
Answer – IV |
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Q47 In qualitative research paradigm, which of the following features may be considered critical? |
i ➥ Data collection with standardized research tools. |
ii ➥ Sampling design with probability sample techniques. |
iii ➥ Data collection with bottom-up empirical evidences. |
iv ➥ Data gathering to take with top-down systematic evidences. |
Answer –III |
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Q48 A research intends to explore the effect of possible factors for the organization of effective mid-day meal interventions. Which research method will be most appropriate for this study? |
i ➥ Historical method |
ii ➥ Descriptive survey method |
iii ➥ Experimental method |
iv ➥ Ex-post facto method |
Answer –IV |
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Q49 Which of the following statements is not true in the context of participatory research? |
i ➥ It recognizes knowledge as power. |
ii ➥ It emphasises on people as experts. |
iii ➥ It is a collective process of enquiry. |
iv ➥ Its sole purpose is production of knowledge. |
Answer –IV |
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Q50 Jean Piaget gave a theory of cognitive development of humans on the basis of his: |
i ➥ Evaluation Research |
ii ➥ Fundamental Research |
iii ➥ Applied Research |
iv ➥ Action Research |
Answer –II |
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Q51 When planning to do a social research, it is better to |
i ➥ Approach the topic with an open mind |
ii ➥ Do a pilot study before getting stuck into it |
iii ➥ Be familiar with literature on the topic |
iv ➥ Forget about theory because this is a very practical |
Answer –I |
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Q52 The Principles of fundamental research are used in |
i ➥ action research |
ii ➥ applied research |
iii ➥ philosophical research |
iv ➥ historical research |
Answer –II |
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Q53 Which one of the following is not a type of experimental method ? |
i ➥ Single group experiment |
ii ➥ Residual group experiment |
iii ➥ Parallel group experiment |
iv ➥ Rational group experiment |
Answer –II |
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Q54 Read the following statements – one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R) : Assertion (A) : Qualitative research in India has a long way to go to reach international standards. Reason (R) : Because the funding agencies do not support qualitative research in academic institutions. Find the correct answer from the codes given below : |
i ➥ Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
ii ➥ Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
iii ➥ (A) is true, but (R) is false. |
iv ➥ Both (A) and (R) are false. |
Answer –III |
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Q55 Deconstruction is a popular method of research in |
i ➥ Basic Science |
ii ➥ Applied Science |
iii ➥ Social Science |
iv ➥ Literature |
Answer –IV |
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Q56 The research that aims at immediate application is |
i ➥ Action Research |
ii ➥ Empirical Research |
iii ➥ Conceptual Research |
iv ➥ Fundamental Research |
Answer –I |
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Q57 Ex Post Facto research means |
i ➥ The research is carried out after the incident |
ii ➥ The research is carried out prior to the incident |
iii ➥ The research is carried out along with the happening of an incident. |
iv ➥ The research is carried out keeping in mind the possibilities of an incident. |
Answer –I |
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Q58 Controlled group condition is applied in |
i ➥ Survey Research |
ii ➥ Historical Research |
iii ➥ Experimental Research |
iv ➥ Descriptive Research |
Answer –IV |
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Q59 Newton gave three basic laws of motion. This research is categorized as |
i ➥ Descriptive Research |
ii ➥ Sample Survey |
iii ➥ Fundamental Research |
iv ➥ Applied Research |
Answer –IV |
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Q60 A doctor studies the relative effectiveness of two drugs of dengue fever. His research would be classified as |
i ➥ Experimental Research |
ii ➥ Case Study |
iii ➥ Ethnography |
iv ➥ Descriptive Survey |
Answer –I |
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Q61 Action research means |
i ➥ A research initiated to solve an immediate problem |
ii ➥ An applied research |
iii ➥ A longitudinal research |
iv ➥ A research with socioeconomic objective |
Answer –I |
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Q62 If a researcher conducts a research on finding out which administrative style contributes more to institutional effectiveness ? This will be an example of |
i ➥ Action research |
ii ➥ Applied Research |
iii ➥ Basic Research |
iv ➥ None of the above |
Answer –II |
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Q63 The research which is exploring new facts through the study of the past is called |
i ➥ Mythological research |
ii ➥ Philosophical research |
iii ➥ Content analysis |
iv ➥ Historical research |
Answer –IV |
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Q64 Action research is |
i ➥ A longitudinal research |
ii ➥ A research carried out to solve immediate problems |
iii ➥ Simulative research |
iv ➥ An applied research |
Answer –II |
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Q65 The process not needed in Experimental Researches is |
i ➥ Observation |
ii ➥ Manipulation |
iii ➥ Controlling |
iv ➥ Content Analysis |
Answer –IV |
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Q66 Manipulation is always a part of |
i ➥ Historical research |
ii ➥ Fundamental research |
iii ➥ Descriptive research |
iv ➥ Experimental research |
Answer –IV |
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Q67 Action-research is: |
i ➥ An applied research |
ii ➥ A research carried out to solve immediate problems |
iii ➥ A longitudinal research |
iv ➥ All the above |
Answer –II |
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Q68 Which of the following is classified in the category of the developmental research? |
i ➥ Philosophical research |
ii ➥ Action research |
iii ➥ Descriptive research |
iv ➥ All the above |
Answer –IV |
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Q69 The research that applies the laws at the time of field study to draw more and more clear ideas about the problem is: |
i ➥ Applied research |
ii ➥ Action research |
iii ➥ Experimental research |
iv ➥ None of these |
Answer –III |
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Q70 The process not needed in experimental research is: |
i ➥ Observation |
ii ➥ Manipulation and replication |
iii ➥ Controlling |
iv ➥ Reference collection |
Answer –IV |
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