String Manipulations

Python offers a rich set of built-in functions and methods for manipulating strings. Here's a breakdown of common techniques:

Basic Operations

·         Concatenation: Combining strings using the + operator.

Python

first_name = "John"

last_name = "Doe"

full_name = first_name + " " + last_name

·         Slicing: Extracting substrings using indices.

Python

text = "Hello, World!"

substring = text[7:12]  # Output: "World"

·         Length: Determining the length of a string using len().

Python

text = "Python"

length = len(text)  # Output: 6

Case Conversion

·         lower(): Converts all characters to lowercase.

·         upper(): Converts all characters to uppercase.

·         title(): Capitalizes the first letter of each word.

·         capitalize(): Capitalizes the first character of the string.

·         swapcase(): Swaps cases of all characters.

Searching and Replacing

·         find(): Returns the index of the first occurrence of a substring.

·         rfind(): Returns the index of the last occurrence of a substring.

·         index(): Similar to find(), but raises a ValueError if not found.

·         rindex(): Similar to rfind(), but raises a ValueError if not found.

·         replace(): Replaces occurrences of a substring with another.

Stripping Characters

·         strip(): Removes leading and trailing whitespace.

·         lstrip(): Removes leading whitespace.

·         rstrip(): Removes trailing whitespace.

Splitting and Joining

·         split(): Splits a string into a list of substrings based on a delimiter.

·         join(): Joins elements of an iterable into a string using a separator.

Other Useful Methods

·         count(): Counts the occurrences of a substring.

·         startswith(): Checks if the string starts with a specified substring.

·         endswith(): Checks if the string ends with a specified substring.

·         isalnum(): Checks if all characters are alphanumeric.

·         isalpha(): Checks if all characters are alphabetic.

·         isdigit(): Checks if all characters are digits.

·         isspace(): Checks if all characters are whitespace.

Example

Python

text = "  This is a sample string  "

words = text.strip().split()

new_text = "-".join(words)

print(new_text)  # Output: This-is-a-sample-string

By combining these methods, you can perform complex string manipulations to suit your needs.