Control Statements Intro.

Control statements are essential for directing the flow of execution in a Python program. They allow you to make decisions, repeat code blocks, and control the program's logic.

Conditional Statements: if, else, elif

• if: Executes a block of code if a condition is true.

• else: Executes a block of code if the condition is false.

• elif: Used for multiple conditions, checks additional conditions if the previous ones are false.

Python

age = 18

if age >= 18:

    print("You are an adult.")

else:

    print("You are a minor.")

Loops: for, while

• for: Iterates over a sequence (list, tuple, string, etc.) or a range of numbers.

• while: Repeats a block of code as long as a condition is true.

Python

# for loop

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

for fruit in fruits:

    print(fruit)

# while loop

count = 0

while count < 5:

    print(count)

    count += 1

Loop Control Statements: break, continue, pass

• break: Terminates the loop entirely.

• continue: Skips the current iteration and moves to the next.

• pass: Does nothing, often used as a placeholder for future code.

Python

for number in range(10):

    if number == 5:

        break

    print(number)

for number in range(10):

    if number % 2 == 0:

        continue

    print(number)

Example Combining Control Statements

Python

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

for num in numbers:

    if num % 2 == 0:

        print(num, "is even")

    else:

        print(num, "is odd")

Control statements are fundamental to programming logic and allow you to create dynamic and interactive programs.