Python Basic Syntax

Python's syntax is designed to be clean and readable, making it a great language for beginners. Let's dive into some fundamental elements:

Indentation

• Python uses whitespace indentation to define code blocks.

• It's crucial for code structure and readability.

• Consistent indentation (usually 4 spaces) is essential.

Python

if condition:

    # This code block belongs to the if statement

    print("Condition is true")

else:

    # This code block belongs to the else statement

    print("Condition is false")

Comments

• Use # for single-line comments.

• Use triple quotes (""" or ''' ) for multi-line comments.

Python

# This is a single-line comment

print("Hello, world!")

"""

This is a multi-line comment.

It can span multiple lines.

"""

Variables

• No need to declare data types explicitly.

• Use = for assignment.

Python

message = "Hello"

number = 42

Data Types

• Numbers: Integers (e.g., 42), floating-point numbers (e.g., 3.14).

• Strings: Text enclosed in single (') or double (") quotes.

• Booleans: True or False values.

• Lists: Ordered collections of items (mutable).

• Tuples: Ordered collections of items (immutable).

• Dictionaries: Unordered collections of key-value pairs.

Operators

• Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, //, %, **

• Comparison: ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=

• Logical: and, or, not

Control Flow

• if-else: Conditional execution.

• for: Iterating over sequences.

• while: Repeating a block of code while a condition is true.

Python

if x > 0:

    print("x is positive")

else:

    print("x is non-positive")

for i in range(5):

    print(i)

while count < 10:

    count += 1

Functions

• Define reusable code blocks.

• Use def keyword.

Python

def greet(name):

    print("Hello,", name)

greet("Alice")

Input and Output

• print() for output.

• input() for user input.

Python

name = input("Enter your name: ")

print("Hello,", name)

Basic Examples

Python

# Simple calculation

result = 5 + 3 * 2

print(result)

# List of fruits

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]

for fruit in fruits:

    print(fruit)

Remember: Consistent indentation, clear variable names, and comments enhance code readability.